When contemplating the diverse array of fences accessible, it's evident that both materials and designs are plentiful, offering an expansive range of options to suit various preferences and functional requirements. The selection process for the ideal fence can be a complex journey, as one must consider not only aesthetic appeal but also practicality, durability, maintenance needs, cost factors, and compatibility with the local environment and weather conditions.

Starting with materials, wood stands out as a classic choice revered for its natural beauty and versatility. Wooden fences can be crafted into countless styles from picket to privacy panels, making them a perennial favorite among homeowners. However, while wood exudes charm and warmth, it demands regular treatment to fend off rotting, insects, and weather damage.

Alternatively, metal fences offer robustness with choices like aluminum or wrought iron. Aluminum provides a lightweight yet sturdy option that resists rusting and requires minimal upkeep. Wrought iron delivers timeless elegance with intricate designs possible but necessitates frequent painting or coating to prevent corrosion.

Vinyl fencing emerges as another popular contender due to its resilience against elements; it doesn't fade or rot like wood nor rust like some metals. Although potentially lacking in the rustic allure of natural materials, vinyl boasts low-maintenance longevity in an array of colors and styles mimicking other fence types.

For those seeking eco-friendliness combined with contemporary aesthetics, composite materials—blending recycled plastics with wood fibers—are gaining traction. These composites resist pests and decay without needing paint or stain while also contributing to sustainability efforts by repurposing waste products.

On the more unconventional side are living fences made from hedges or trees which create green barriers that enhance privacy while contributing positively to the environment by supporting wildlife habitats.

In terms of design specifics beyond material composition lies an assortment of configurations tailored for different purposes such as security measures (with spikes or barbed wire), decorative enhancements (lattices or scalloped tops), boundary demarcations (simple post-and-rail), or noise reduction (solid barrier walls).

Ultimately when settling on a fence type consideration should extend beyond immediate appeal towards long-term satisfaction ensuring chosen barriers meet all desired criteria for function style maintenance levels investment return potential within given climatic surroundings thereby guaranteeing optimum results from this significant property addition.